ABSTRACT
Anthocyanins (ACN) are water-soluble pigments, belonging to flavonoids, and are present in almost all fruits, and vegetables at varying concentration. About 635 ACN were distinguished based on the position and number of methoxyl and hydroxyl moieties in the basic structure of ACN. Pelargonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin, and petunidin are extensively studied anthocyanidins. The absorption, bioavailability, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, molecular mechanism, and analytical techniques of several phytochemicals were described. The biological benefits (antidiabetic, anti-neuro-disorder, anti-cardiovascular diseases, anti-gastrointestinal diseases, and disorders) of flavonoids and ACN have been reported. Several in vitro, andin vivo reports demonstrated that ACN-rich plant extracts ameliorate the diabetes-associated consequences by reducing the glucose absorption, ROS production, oxidative stress, glomerular angiogenesis, lipid synthesis, and FoxO1 and adipose triglyceride lipase expressions, and improve the insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, glucose uptake, glucose consumption, antioxidant activity. The literature search was made in Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed using the keywords "anthocyanin" and "diabetes". The documents were carefully checked for the relevance to the current manuscript and the selection was made without any chronological restriction. The present manuscript summarizes the updated reports on antihyperglycemic properties of ACN.
ABSTRACT
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the chronic inflammatory skin diseases characterized by conflicts in epidermal barrier and wired immune response. About 10％-20％ of the population is affected by AD, especially infants. Topical application of corticosteroids, antihistamines,and antibiotics are used to treat severe AD condition. Recent studies suggest that disturbance in skin and intestinal microbiota is majorly linked to skin diseases. Probiotics are known for the positive alteration of an individual's microbiome and associated with several health benefits. Clinical studies suggest that probiotic and synbiotic supplementation protect infants from a stringent AD to some extent. Reduction in the risk of AD development upon probiotic supplementation was not observed in all studied populations. Further studies are needed to regularize microbiome of skin and intestine in AD patients that may reduce AD severity.Present review summarizes the outcomes from clinical studies on AD using probiotic as an alternative treatment candidate.
ABSTRACT
Rice bran (RB) is one of the nutrient-rich agricultural byproducts.It is a composite of carbohydrates,lipids,proteins,fibers,minerals,and trace elements such as phosphorus,potassium,magnesium,calcium and manganese.The extraction and purification process influences the quality and quantity of rice bran oil,which is rich in tocopherols,tocotrienols,γ-oryzanol,and unsaturated fatty acids.The bioactive components of RB have been reported for exhibiting antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,hypocholesterolemic,anti-cancer,anti-colitis,and antidiabetic properties.In vitro and in vivo studies,and clinical trials in human volunteers revealed the anti-hyperglycemic activity of RB derived compounds.An updated comprehensive review on the antidiabetic property of RB and its derivative is required to appraise the current knowledge in the particular field.Thus,the present paper covered the composition and bioactivities of RB,and influence of extraction methods on the biological property of rice bran oil and rice bran extract.And the current review also focused on the reported antihyperglycemia activity of rice bran derivatives,and its probable mechanism.
ABSTRACT
Fermented beverages are widely used all over the country. Fermented plant beverages (FPB) are prevalent in Thailand and FPBs are believed to cure and prevent many health oriented problems. The people of Thailand produce many varieties of FPBs in small scale or large scale and consume them in their daily lives. This study is a survey conducted among the representative consumers of FPBs in Thailand to know the consumer's opinion on FPBs, effects and benefits of FPBs, and real status of consumer satisfaction in Thailand. This study revealed that the rationale for the consumption of respective FPBs was to treat their health issues and for the betterment of their health. Most of the consumers of FPBs benefited in case of improving their physical and mental health. The current survey revealed the opinion of the FPBs consumers in Thailand. This study concluded that FPBs are health promoting drink that is affordable in the daily life of Thai people. The FPBs prepared in Thailand did not report any massive adverse effects in Thailand. Till now the preparation and consumption of FPBs are followed in Thailand and not influenced by adverse effects; FPBs are considered safe for human consumption.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Thailand , Fermented Foods , Health Promotion , Beverages , Mental Health , Interview , Consumer BehaviorABSTRACT
Abstract Beta-glucan (BG) is a conserved cell wall components of bacteria, fungi, and yeast. BG is an immunomodulator and stimulates the host immune system. This study was performed to screen Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with high BG, extraction of BG using different chemical extraction methods, composition analysis of BG, and evaluation of the immunomodulatory effect of high-quality BG using mice model. Ten yeast strains were screened for high BG content using total glucan extraction kit and were subjected to FT-IR analysis. The kit based extraction revealed that HII31 showed a high content of total glucan and BG. HII31 cells were subjected to four different acid/base extractions, which indicated that combination of a strong base (NaOH) and weak acid (CH3COOH) extraction recovered high BG and a high ratio of polysaccharide, protein, and lipid. Further, the immunomodulatory effect of the selected BG was evaluated using mice, which suggested that low dose of HII31-BG induces the expression of selected pro-inflammatory (IL-17, IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) significantly, whereas relatively high dose was required to alter the IL-6 and TGF-β expression. Overall, the present study revealed that BG extracted from HII31 cells alters the expression of studied cytokines, which can be used as a potent immunomodulator in pharmaceutical products.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study some soybean cultivars commonly used in Northern Thailand that exhibit high nutritional profile and to investigate the changes in bioactive principles and antioxidant capacity of the fermented soy broth that was prepared using the selected soybean cultivar and Lactobacillus paracasei HII02 mediated fermentation process. Methods: The best soybean cultivar was subjected to fermentation, and then analyzed the phytochemical, antioxidant and nutritional changes by high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric analysis. Results: Sor Jor 2 soybean cultivar showed rich nutritional profile and was subjected to fermentation process.Lactobacillus paracasei HII02 mediated fermentation of Sor Jor 2 soybean exhibited stable physical and chemical characteristics. Lactic acid bacteria mediated fermentation also increased the aglycone forms of isoflavone content,exhibited antioxidant capacity and thereby enhanced the quality of the fermented soy broth.It also prevented the growth of coliforms in fermented soybean. Conclusions: The study results suggest that fermented soybean is rich in nutrition and considered to be safe for consumption for the improvement of health and to treat the malnutrition.
ABSTRACT
Hericium erinaceus (H.erinaceus) is one of the widely used edible mushrooms around the world,primarily in Asian countries.H.erinaceus is used in traditional medicines,and mushroom based foods.The fruiting body and mycelia of H.erinaceus are extracted using the solvents,and several bioactive compounds were identified.Several studies have reported that those bioactive compounds exhibit many health benefits such as hemagglutinating,antimicrobial,immunomodulatory,anfitumor,antioxidant,and anti-aging activities,etc.This manuscript consciously updated the information about the composition of H.erinaceus,H.erinaceus based foods,and anti-hyperglycemic property of H.erinaceus.
ABSTRACT
Perilla frutescens (Nga-Mon) is an annual herbaceous plant, reported for its antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. The current study was conducted to compare the different pre-treatment techniques followed by hexane extraction for perilla seed oil and its pharmaceutical values. There are no significant differences in the yield of seed oil after pre-treatments except sonication. All the pre-treatments diminish the endogenous lipase activity, peroxidation and degradation of the oil. Fatty acid content analysis revealed that the nutrient quality, with respect to fatty acid content, of perilla seed was not compromised with any of the pre-treatments of current study. The results of α- amylase, α- glucosidase and protein glycation inhibition assays suggested that tested perilla seed oils are pharmaceutical candidate for the treatment of carbohydrate related diseases, especially for diabetes. Selection of appropriate pre-treatment strategies will helps to extract the perilla seed oil without any compromise in its quality. The current study suggested that moist heat with pressure can be an appropriate pre-treatment method for perilla seed oil extraction.
ABSTRACT
Potential probiotic strain for being health protectant especially intestinal illness is strain specific. This study investigated the selection of a new strain of probiotic of non-human origin and of human origin with the properties of intestinal protection against cancer. From the primary screening results, the human feces origin strains showed more bile salt tolerance than the fermented food origin strains. Whereas none of the human feces origin isolates could grow well in the acid condition. Lactobacillus plantarum CM4 was the new probiotic of non-human origin strain for this study. CM4 cells is said to tolerate and grow in 0.3% bile salt after 5 hours of incubation, at pH3 after 6 hours of incubation. This is in agreement with in vivo study for intestinal adherence ability of probiotic, a live CM4 cells was able to persist in mice small intestine and colon for 5 days. Live CM4 cells showed most effectiveness to bind 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) mutagen after 24 hours of incubation with 46.32% of binding ability while 144 hours of incubation with 85.34% of binding ability was the most effective for 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) mutagen. The significant difference (p<0.05) was found at all those time points. Moreover, the CM4 strain could degrade diphenylnitrosamine (DPN) better than 1-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPR) with dose response relationship activity. These imply that the CM4 strain could be the value added for the consuming pharmaceutical probiotic product based on scientific proof of its role in intestinal survival properties and cancer prevention through binding PhIP and IQ mutagen as well as degrading nitrosamine.
ABSTRACT
Lactobacillus plantarum DW12, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) producing strain, was used as a starter culture to produce a functional fermented red seaweed beverage (FSB). Optimal conditions for producing FSB were established using Central Composite Design by varying the amounts of monosodium glutamate (MSG), sucrose and the initial pH in MRS medium. After a verification test, 1 percent MSG, 6 percent sucrose and an initial pH of 6 were selected. Four treatments were tested: traditional formula (A), red seaweed-cane sugar-potable water = 3:1:10, w/w/v, initial pH 6; the traditional formula with a 5 percent starter culture consisting of 4.1 x 10(9) CFU of DW 12/ml (B); formula A modified by changing the amounts of cane sugar and MSG to 6 percent and 1 percent, respectively (C); formula C with a 5 percent starter culture added (D). Comparison among the 4 treatments showed that the treatment D produced the highest amount of GABA (4000 mg/L) during days 45-60 while the GABA content of A, B and C treatments was 340, 730 and 1690 mg/L, respectively. However, the results of the sensory test for the treatments C and D showed that the presence of MSG produced an unsatisfactory salty taste. All finished products from the 4 treatments met Thai standard guidelines for chemical and microbiological qualities after 120 days. The results indicated that enrichment of the GABA content in FSB is possible by adding MSG and the GABA producing strain DW12; however, the appropriate amount of MSG addition should be further studied.
Subject(s)
Beverages , Lactobacillus plantarum , Rhodophyta , Sodium Glutamate , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Fermentation , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid , JuicesABSTRACT
Lactobacillus plantarum DW3 produced antifungal compounds that inhibited the growth of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa DKA, contaminating yeast in fermented plant beverages (FPBs) and various potential human pathogens. Phenyllactic acid (PLA) identified by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was produced at 31 mg/L PLA in MRS medium and 5 mg/ml inhibited growth of the target yeast in vitro by 90 percent. Other inhibitors were also present but not specifically identified. Results of in vitro tests showed that DW3 also had probiotic properties as it survived various human biological barriers resistance to pH 3, bile salts, growth without vitamin B12 and the presence and absence of oxygen. Its inhibitory effect against food borne pathogenic bacteria and spoilage organisms was higher than that found for a commercial strain Lactobacillus casei R. An acute oral toxicity test on ICR mice at a high single dose of either 10(9) and 10(12) cells per mouse for 14 days showed that DW3 had no adverse effect on the general health status and there was no evidence of bacteremia. Mice fed DW3 had a reduced weight gain compared to the control. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found for the spleen weight index (SWI) among the treatment and control groups whereas there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) for the liver weight ratio (LWR) in a group fed with 10(12) cells per mouse when compared with the control group.